Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep disorder that affects about ten percent of the general population. It is characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs described as creepy, crawly, tingling, pulling, but rarely painful. These sensations usually occur in the calves or the thighs but may even include the arms. Symptoms occur when the patient with RLS lies down, sits, or relaxes for prolonged periods of time, such as when lying down to go to sleep, while riding in a car, or while watching a movie. People with RLS describe an irresistible urge to move the legs. Getting up to walk around, rubbing or massaging the legs may bring relief, however the relief only lasts temporarily.

RLS symptoms tend to be worse later in the day, however they may occur whenever the patient is stationary for a protracted period of time. People with RLS may find it difficult to fall asleep and may not sleep well. They may have kicking movements throughout the night. This combination may make patients feel sleepy during the day.

What Causes Restless Legs Syndrome?

In about sixty percent of cases, the cause in unknown. In these cases there is usually a strong family history of the symptoms. In other cases, certain factors may be associated with RLS:

• Pregnancy. Some women may experience RLS during pregnancy. The symptoms usually disappear after delivery.
• Low iron levels or anemia. This may be common in women with heavy menstrual cycles. The symptoms may improve once the iron level or anemia is corrected.
• Chronic diseases like kidney failure, diabetes and peripheral neuropathy may also be associated with RLS.

How is RLS Diagnosed?

RLS is a clinical diagnosis based on the above symptoms. Sometimes a sleep study is needed if there is a concern that the patient may have abnormal leg jerks at night, or if another sleep disorder is suspected. Sometimes blood work is required in order to look for possible abnormal iron levels, thyroid, kidney, or liver problems.

How is RLS Treated?

RLS used to be treated with medications in the valium family such as clonazepam. This type of medication is only very rarely used today as it is relatively ineffective. It may also worsen sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness. Today treatment usually starts with medications such as Requip that was initially marketed for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Having RLS does not necessarily mean that you will develop Parkinson’s disease.